In a period whose exact date we cannot determine, in a land bordered on one side by the present-day Hezar-Masjed Mountains and on the other by the Hamun lake, a man from the class of heroes appeared who was called “Narman.” Narman, who is known in Iranian epic tales as […]

We now arrive at a period in the life of the Iranians which is the beginning of the heroic age, and that which caused the Iranians to decide to adopt the heroic way of life was the invasion of foreign tribes. At that time, the land of Iran was composed […]

Rudab encouraged other women to build skiffs, and they too learned from the queen of Iran the craft of making skiffs and then small boats, and they put out to sea in their own skiffs. Iranian women learned the art of seafaring on a sea that in ancient times was […]

Another outstanding event that occurred in the time of Rud II—and was more important than the foregoing events—was the emergence of the idea of worshiping God, and Rud II was the originator of that idea.1 What led Rud II to think of worshiping God was that she became more knowledgeable […]

The Turanians stayed in Zabolestan until they had eaten everything there was and destroyed whatever they could—out of ignorance and merely for a moment’s amusement. Then they were struck by famine and resolved to head west to plunder the Iranian cities in that direction; but winter overtook them, and they […]